Textile remains are not a common source of archaeological research, as their fragile, organic nature rarely allows preservation in archaeological contexts. Only in extreme dry environments such as deserts or caves, or in extreme wet and oxygen-free environments, will textiles withstand the natural process of decay. This is unfortunate as textiles and especially daily attire have been demonstrated to form the most suitable material to express a people’s social and ethnic identity, today as well as in the past.

The research presented in this book is based on the textile collections from four late- and post-Tiwanaku sites from the middle and lower Osmore valley in the extreme south of Peru, roughly dated A.D. 1000.
The objectives of this study can be summarized as follows:

• demonstrating the applicability of ethnographic data in archaeological textile studies,
• summarizing the Tiwanaku, Ilo-Tumilaca/ Cabuza and Chiribaya textile traditions,
• presenting the Osmore textiles,
• identifying the cultural identity of the lower Osmore people,
• explore the potential of the Osmore textiles in combination with their contextual data,
• interregional comparison of South Central Andean textile studies.

ISBN-10  90-76368-13-9
ISBN-13  978-90-76368-13-9
Price: € 85.00

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13715

This is the first book in which Post-Roman pottery in Central Greece and in the Aegean is treated comprehensively, covering the entire period from Late Antiquity to Modern times. This richly illustrated study offers an extensive typo-chronological discussion of the Medieval and Post-Medieval wares found in Boeotia, as well as a discussion of the relation between this pottery and Medieval and Post-Medieval society, economy and culture.

In the first part of the book, the main problems related to chronology and terminology of Post-Roman ceramics in the Aegean will be discussed. In addition, a history of research will be presented, beginning with pioneers in the 19th century via David Talbot Rice to more recent developments such as underwater archaeology and surface surveys. Also, the current state of research per period will be reviewed, focussing on large excavations in Constantinople/Istanbul, on the Greek Mainland and Greek Islands as well as on Cyprus.

The second part of the book is focussed on Boeotia. After an introduction of previous research into Post-Roman ceramics in Boeotia, a catalogue of sites with Post-Roman ceramic finds from the field survey of the Boeotia Project will be presented. Furthermore, an effort is made to combine the ceramic data from these sites into a regional typo-chronological classification system, which encompasses 48 diagnostic Medieval and Post-Medieval wares, ranging from locally produced Red Slip wares and amphorae to imported tin glazed wares from Italy and Turkey, such as Maiolica and Iznik Ware. Attention will also be given to the changes in shapes and decoration of the pottery through time, in an effort to establish a relationship between changing vessel shapes and changing vessel function from Late Antiquity onwards.

In the third part of the book, the technological and socio-economic aspects of the Post-Roman ceramics from Boeotia will be explored. Firstly, the socio-economic infrastructure for the production and distribution of pottery from Late Roman times onwards is discussed, including the location of major towns, ports, rural settlements, land and sea routes as well as the presence of artisans/craftsmen, merchants, markets, fairs and the role of the governing classes. Also, the production and distribution of pottery in Post-Roman Boeotia will be discussed from a local perspective, based on the archaeological evidence as well as on written sources and ethnographic/ethnoarchaeological studies of traditional pottery production in Early Modern Greece and Cyprus. In addition, the Boeotian material is discussed in a wider socio-economic context. Here models from archaeology and sociology, such as the "world-system" theory of Immanuel Wallerstein are used in an effort to understand the processes of production, prices, import and distribution of the tin-glazed wares in the Aegean area from the 16th to the 18th centuries (e.g. Maiolica from Italy, Iznik and Kütahya Wares from Turkey).

In the fourth part of the book, the focus is on the changing use of table equipment and the history of dining habits in the Eastern Mediterranean from Late Roman to Early Modern times. Apart from the pottery, Medieval and Post-Medieval texts (ranging from budgets of pious foundations and cookbooks to the 15th-16th century Ottoman tax registers of Boeotian villages and traveller's accounts), as well as pictographic representations of dining scenes from the 5th to the 20th centuries are used as sources of information (e.g. mosaics, frescoes, miniatures).

ISBN 90-76368-10-4
Price: € 40.00

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13511

This volume presents the results of an analysis of microscopic wear traces on chert artefacts from a variety of pre-ceramic period sites in Colombia. Nieuwenhuis uses trace-wear analysis to explore the relationship between Abrian and Tequendamian artefacts, and the different systems of tool production and use. Focusing on material from sites in the high plain of Bogotá and the middle Magdalena Valley, Nieuwenhuis extends the study to consider the complex relationships between tool use and changes in climate and environment, and argues that the traditional chronological division between the two classes of artefact is no longer valid.

ISBN 90-76368-09-0
Price: € 25.00

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13389

Anthropomorphic figurines are one of the most discussed instances of Palaeolithic Art. This study provides an overview of such objects in the Pavlovian, an Upper Palaeolithic archaeological culture in Central Europe. The author describes the sites, their chronology and interpretations. The objects, belonging to the oldest "ceramic" objects in the world, are analysed in terms of raw material, technology, form and spatial distribution. In the second part, the author discusses three themes in the interpretative history: the question of representation and realism, the relationship between anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines, and the issue of the purport of the find location itself. Key notions in his discussion are the "cosmology of sharing" and the importance of boundaries.
Also published as Dolní Vestonice Studies 6.

ISBN 90-76368-08-2
Price: € 23.00

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13512

This volume is an archaeobotanical study of agricultural practices in the Moselle valley and the Meuse-Demer-Scheldt regions during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. It is split into three parts: The Framework, The Botanical Research, and The Analysis, with the core of the book being focused on 24 sites, mainly in and around Lorraine.

ISBN: 90-76368-07-4
Out of print: try Oxbow Books .

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13513

In this book a new model for the neolithization of the Netherlands is presented. For this study ethnographic data have been used of first contacts between economically and socially highly dissimilar societies. The model has been tested against a large-scale regional investigation: the Meuse Valley Project and a series of excavations. Three of these excavations are described in detail, yielding new and important data. These concern a Late Mesolithic site at Merselo and two sites of the first farmers in the coversand region. In conclusion a synthesis is provided stating that social processes have been crucial to the transition from Mesolithic to Neolithic and that this transition has been slow and gradual.

ISBN: 90-76368-06-6
Out of print: try Oxbow Books.

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13346

In this study, the different aspects of making and using ceramic vessels are examined as mutually related and grounded in cultural practice. In the research model, following structural theory in combination with ethnographic information, the gap between technological and function studies is bridged into an approach based on daily practices of the makers and users, proposing the type of structural connections that can be made between the choices of the pastes, the range of forms and the type of surface finishing with the 'formal' as well as actual uses of the vessels. The development of suitable methods and techniques to study such mutual relationships, at the level of cultural practices, is of one the main purposes and as such, this study has a much wider relevance than the actual data. These data concern material of two roman iron age settlements, one of which includes a clear ritual use of pottery. Several functional categories are determined through formal analyses, while the actual uses were studied independently through residue analyses. The author was also able to make a distinction between pottery made for every-day-use and that for ritual use, which is expressed mainly through differences in technical qualities.

ISBN: 90-76368-05-8
Price: € 32.00

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13510

1 Introduction Corinne L. Hofman and Menno L.P. Hoogland

PART ONE: NORMAN ESTATE
2 Methods and strategies Sebastiaan Knippenberg
3 Lithics Sebastiaan Knippenberg
4 Shell Alex J. Brokke
5 Faunal exploitation Mark Nokkert

PART TWO: ANSE DES PERES
6 Methods and strategies Sebastiaan Knippenberg
7 Pottery Tom Hamburg
8 Lithics Sebastiaan Knippenberg
9 Shell Alex J. Brokke
10 Faunal exploitation Mark Nokkert

PART THREE: HOPE ESTATE
11 Methods and strategies Menno L.P. Hoogland
12 Pottery Corinne L. Hofman
13 Lithics Jay B. Haviser
14 Stone tools Maaike S. de Waal
15 Shell Richard Jansen
16 Paleoethnobotanical analysis Lee A. Newsom and Jantien Molengraaf
17 Human remains Steffen Baetsen

PART FOUR: THE 'LA HUECA PROBLEM'
18 The 'La Hueca problem' in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean: old problems, new perspectives, possible solutions José R. Oliver
19 Is la Hueca style pottery present at Trants? David R. Watters and James B. Petersen
20 New perspectives on a Huecan Saladoid assemblage on Guadeloupe: the case of Morel I Corinne L. Hofman, Menno L.P. Hoogland and André Delpuech
21 Synthesis and evaluation Corinne L. Hofman and Menno L.P. Hoogland

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13508

ISBN: 90-76368-04-X
Price: € 57,00

Raemaekers aims in his thesis to bridge the gap between the site-oriented reports and the general supra-regional discussions of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition through a systematic description of the material remains from the sites of the Swifterbant Culture by means of a regional study. A further focus is on the social relations between neighbouring cultures in German Rhineland and Denmark, as appears from their material legacy, resulting in a discussion of the nature of the transition Mesolithic-Neolithic in northwestern Europe from a long-term perspective.

ISBN: 90-76368-03-1
Out of stock.
Contact the author . 

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13516

As a study of the colonial situations of first millennium BC Sardinia, this book is as much an investigation into colonialism as a sociological category, as it explores the specific historical conditions of a particular region. Taking a fresh look at colonialism in Mediterranean archaeology from a so-called postcolonial point of view, it examined the archaeologically relevant features of this perspective in conjunction with other current ideas about society, human agency and material culture in order to sketch the contours of a postcolonial archaeology of colonialism.

These ideas are subsequently elaborated and practically applied in a detailed study of rural settlement in west central Sardinia. The archaeological evidence for this is provided by the (preliminary) results of the Riu Mannu survey carried out in west central Sardinia since 1992 as well as by a wealth of existing published and archived data. Considering themes such as the (re)creation of identities and cultural resistance, this study especially looks into the ways in which people deployed material culture and inhabited the landscape in order to cope with the colonial situations. Comparing these specific instances of colonialism finally leads to a consideration of historical contingency and structure in colonial situations and to an assertion of the centrality of identity in colonial situations.

ISBN: 90-76368-02-3
Price: € 38,00

Repository Leiden University :
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13156

Artificial intelligence is an integrated part of our daily life and of many fields in research. In archaeology, however, it does not (yet) play an important role. In the past twenty years archaeologists have discussed the potentials of, in particular, expert systems. They have developed some valuable systems, but the general impression is that archaeology is not a suitable host discipline for knowledge-based approaches. In Archaeology and the Application of Artificial Intelligence: case studies on use-wear analysis of prehistoric flint tools, dr.M.H. van den Dries sets out to validate this negative conclusion.

She states that since most archaeological applications were mere prototypes and have never been subjected to objective tests, there is hardly any ground for this rather radical inference. In order to ground her conclusion objectively, Van den Dries has built two applications, an expert system and a neural network. She used use-wear analysis of prehistoric tools as the application area. The main objective of the project was to develop a practical training tool for students. As Van den Dries' aim was to demonstrate the practical applicability of both applications, they were exposed to two objective tests in which replicated stone tools as well as prehistoric artefacts were involved. In one test both experience use-wear analysts and students participated. The outcome of this trail has been compared with the results of all other blind tests that human use-wear analysts have carried out hitherto. An important conclusion of Van den Dries' study is that both applications perform well, but that the expert system is better equipped for educational tasks, while the neural network approach mainly suits research purposes.
Therefore, the expert system application, called WAVES, has been made operational. It already supports students of several archaeology departments around the world in learning use-wear analysis. Based on her findings Van den en Dries subsequently advises archaeologists to exploit better the merits that artificial intelligence offers them, because it is a means to record unique and valuable expert knowledge, to obtain objective analysis results and to democratize archaeological knowledge.

ISBN: 90-76368-01-5
Price: € 38,00 

Repository Leiden University:
http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13148